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青光眼 (Glaucoma)
青光眼 (Glaucoma)

•定義
     -青光眼是一系列令視神經受到永久性破壞的眼疾統稱，情況嚴重的可導致失明。全球約有一億人患有此眼疾，而現時它是全球成年人的主要致盲眼疾之一，全港每年也有約100人因此病而致盲。

•青光眼的種類
     -青光眼主要分為兩大類：開角性及閉角性，前者大多數為慢性，沒有明顯的病徵，而後者一般屬於急性。
    
     -原發性開角型青光眼（Primary Open Angle Glaucoma）主要是因為眼內前房水流過的前房角是張開的。這是一種最常見的青光眼，病發前沒有徵狀，而且病因不明。當流過濾簾的房水變得緩慢，房水積累因而導致眼壓上升，如果壓力得不到控制，視神經便會慢慢受到破壞，最終會失去視力。

     -閉角性青光眼 (Closed Angle Glaucoma) 因眼部結構出現一些不正常的情況如虹膜炎和嚴重的白內障等，令前房角及淚管閉塞，眼壓因而急劇上升，需要即時診治。

•較易患上青光眼人士
     -六十歲或以上
     -家族有成員患上青光眼
     -眼內壓力偏高 (註: 眼壓正常人士也可患有青光眼)
    -糖尿病及或高血壓患者
     -深近視人士
     -長期用類固醇眼藥

•青光眼的病徵
     -開角性青光眼因屬於慢性疾病，所以在初期是沒有病徵的。病發初期，視力仍維持正常，眼睛不紅不痛。如青光眼得不到治療，早期患者會逐漸失去周邊視野的景物，但中央視力仍會清晰。假若再沒有接受適當的治療，及至晚期，剩下來的中央視力也會失掉，直至完全失明。

     -閉角型青光眼的患者，會突然病發及出現嚴重的病徵，例如：眼睛劇痛、視力模糊、頭痛，甚或出現噁心和嘔吐的情況。

•預防方法
     -定時驗眼是青光眼預防的最佳方法，診斷可以通過眼底檢查診斷視神經被破壞的情況，量度眼壓，檢查視力及前房角位置。深入的檢查如視野圖 (Visual Field) 和視網膜神經層厚度分析更可準確測試視功能和視神經結構上的變化

•青光眼的治療
     -現時青光眼是不能根治的，但透過藥物和手術的治療是可以有效地控制病情。所以，及早診斷及治療對保護視力是非常重要的。

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Eyesight Hong Kong Optometry Center
香港視覺護眼中心
木頭眼鏡人  :  Glaucoma:
It’s a group of conditions leading to permanent damage of optic nerve. The prevalence of glaucoma is approximate 1%. Its one of the top leading cause of blindness.

High risk groups:
-above 60s
-family history with glaucoma
-high eye pressure
-diabetes and blood pressure
-high myopia
-long term steroid user

Symptoms:
In the early stage of glaucoma, most patient may not experience any symptom. Therefore routine eye examination is essential for early detection, it should include assessment of eye pressure and observation of the optic nerve. When indicated, visual field analysis will be performed. Anyone who has a family history of glaucoma should have a comprehensive eye examination.

Treatment:
There is no cure of glaucoma. The purpose of most treatment is to control or limit the optic nerve damage. For any abnormal findings, the patient will be referred to other health profession for further management. Usual treatment includes eye drops, laser and surgical treatment. 		    2007/12/05 
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